Radioactive Decay thiab Precautionary Measures

Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub nucleus tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tawm ntawm ntau hom sib txawv los yog nthwv dej, ua rau muaj ntau hom xov tooj cua decay thiab tsim cov hluav taws xob ionizing. Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, thiab neutrons yog ib yam uas nquag pom ntau yam.Alpha decay muaj kev tso tawm ntawm hnyav, zoo nqi hais los ntawm lub decaying nuclei kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua. Cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab feem ntau raug thaiv los ntawm ib daim ntawv.

Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv los yog cov nthwv dej uas cov nucleus tso tawm kom ruaj khov, muaj ntau hom xov tooj cua decay ua rau ionizing hluav taws xob. Feem ntau hom yog alpha hais, beta hais, gamma rays thiab neutrons.

Alpha hluav taws xob

Thaum lub sij hawm alpha hluav taws xob, lub nuclei uas tab tom lwj emit hnyav, zoo nqi hais kom ua tau zoo dua stability. Cov khoom no feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hla ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem thaiv tau zoo los ntawm kev siv ib daim ntawv xwb.

Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj alpha-emitting nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev nqus, noj, lossis haus, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom lwj los ntawm cov khoom alpha yog Americium-241, siv hauv cov pa luam yeeb thoob ntiaj teb. .

Beta hluav taws xob

Thaum lub sij hawm beta hluav taws xob, lub nuclei emit me me (electrons), uas yog nkag tau ntau tshaj li alpha hais thiab muaj peev xwm mus traverse ib tug ntau ntawm 1-2 centimeters ntawm dej, raws li lawv lub zog theem. Feem ntau, ib daim ntawv nyias ntawm txhuas ntsuas ob peb millimeters hauv thickness tuaj yeem thaiv beta hluav taws xob zoo.

Gamma rays

Gamma rays, nrog rau ntau yam kev siv nrog rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, muaj nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, zoo li X-rays. Thaum qee qhov gamma rays tuaj yeem hla tib neeg lub cev yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, lwm tus tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Cov phab ntsa tuab lossis cov phab ntsa muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog gamma rays los ntawm kev txo qis, uas yog vim li cas chav kho mob hauv tsev kho mob tsim rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim nrog cov phab ntsa zoo li no.

Neutrons

Neutrons, raws li cov khoom hnyav hnyav thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nucleus, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, xws li nuclear reactors lossis nuclear tshwm sim los ntawm high-zog hais nyob rau hauv accelerator beams. Cov neutrons no ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis ncaj qha ionizing.

Txoj Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Hluav Taws Xob

Peb qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog: Lub Sijhawm, nrug, kev tiv thaiv.

Sijhawm

Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hluav taws xob nce ntxiv hauv kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm ntawm qhov sib thooj rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob. Tsawg lub sij hawm siv nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tsawg dua. Piv txwv li, qhov nce ntawm lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob hluav taws xob ua rau kom muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua tau txais. Yog li ntawd, txo lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob teb txo cov hluav taws xob raug.

Nyob deb

Txhim khu kev sib cais ntawm ib tug neeg thiab qhov chaw hluav taws xob ua pov thawj tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qhov raug hluav taws xob. Raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hluav taws xob qhov chaw loj hlob tuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob txo qis heev. Kev txwv qhov sib thooj rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txo cov hluav taws xob tawg thaum lub sijhawm xov tooj hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem fluoroscopy. Qhov txo qis hauv qhov raug tuaj yeem suav nrog siv txoj cai inverse square, uas qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov deb thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Txoj cai lij choj no lees paub tias qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw taw tes yog inversely cuam tshuam nrog lub square ntawm qhov kev ncua deb.

Tiv thaiv

Yog tias kev tswj xyuas qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm tsawg kawg tsis tau lees paub qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg txaus, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo kom txaus kom txo tau cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov khoom siv los txo cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog hu ua daim thaiv npog, thiab nws qhov kev siv ua kom txo tau cov neeg mob thiab cov pej xeem.

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