Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv radioactive thiab kev ceev faj

Qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub nucleus tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau hom khoom me me lossis nthwv dej, ua rau muaj ntau hom kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim cov hluav taws xob ionizing. Cov khoom me me alpha, cov khoom me me beta, cov hluav taws xob gamma, thiab cov neutrons yog cov hom uas pom ntau tshaj plaws. Kev puas tsuaj alpha cuam tshuam nrog kev tso tawm cov khoom hnyav, cov khoom me me uas muaj nqi zoo los ntawm cov nuclei uas lwj kom ua tiav qhov ruaj khov ntau dua. Cov khoom me me no tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab feem ntau raug thaiv los ntawm ib daim ntawv xwb.

Nyob ntawm seb hom khoom me me lossis nthwv dej uas lub nucleus tso tawm kom ruaj khov, muaj ntau hom kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ionizing. Cov hom feem ntau yog cov khoom me me alpha, cov khoom me me beta, cov hluav taws xob gamma thiab cov hluav taws xob neutron.

Kev tawg ntawm Alpha

Thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob alpha, cov nuclei uas lwj yuav tso tawm cov khoom hnyav, muaj cov nqi zoo kom ua tiav qhov ruaj khov dua. Cov khoom no feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau daim tawv nqaij los ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem thaiv tau zoo los ntawm kev siv ib daim ntawv xwb.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov tshuaj alpha-emitting nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev ua pa, kev noj, lossis haus dej, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqaij sab hauv, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom lwj los ntawm cov khoom alpha yog Americium-241, siv rau hauv cov khoom siv ntes pa luam yeeb thoob ntiaj teb.

Kev tawg ntawm beta

Thaum lub sijhawm tawg beta, cov nuclei tso tawm cov khoom me me (electrons), uas nkag mus tob dua li cov khoom alpha thiab muaj peev xwm hla mus rau ntau qhov ntawm 1-2 centimeters ntawm dej, nyob ntawm lawv qib zog. Feem ntau, ib daim ntawv txhuas nyias nyias uas ntsuas ob peb millimeters tuab tuaj yeem thaiv cov hluav taws xob beta tau zoo.

Gamma rays

Cov teeb ci gamma, uas muaj ntau yam kev siv suav nrog kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, yog pawg ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, zoo ib yam li X-rays. Txawm hais tias qee cov teeb ci gamma tuaj yeem hla lub cev tib neeg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, lwm cov tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tuab lossis cov hlau txhuas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb ci gamma los ntawm kev txo lawv qhov muaj zog, yog vim li cas cov chav kho mob hauv tsev kho mob uas tsim rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim nrog cov phab ntsa ruaj khov zoo li no.

Cov neutrons

Cov neutrons, ua cov khoom me me uas hnyav thiab yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub nucleus, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau txoj kev, xws li cov nuclear reactors lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear uas ua los ntawm cov khoom me me muaj zog hauv cov accelerator beams. Cov neutrons no ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawg hluav taws xob tsis ncaj qha.

Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Raug Hluav Taws Xob

Peb qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab yooj yim ua raws li ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog: Lub Sijhawm, Qhov Deb, thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv.

Lub Sijhawm

Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tus neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob tau txais yuav nce ntxiv raws li lub sijhawm nyob ze rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub sijhawm tsawg dua nyob ze qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua rau cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev siv sijhawm ntau dua hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua rau cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau txais ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, kev txo lub sijhawm siv hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv kab mob yuav txo qhov kev raug kab mob.

Qhov Deb

Kev txhim kho qhov sib cais ntawm ib tus neeg thiab qhov chaw tawg ua pov thawj tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qhov kev raug hluav taws xob. Thaum qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw tawg loj hlob tuaj, qib ntawm cov hluav taws xob txo qis heev. Kev txwv qhov ze rau qhov chaw tawg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txo qhov kev raug hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm thaij duab hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem fluoroscopy. Qhov kev txo qis ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv txoj cai inverse square, uas qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov deb thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm hluav taws xob. Txoj cai no hais tias qhov muaj zog ntawm hluav taws xob ntawm qhov deb tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov chaw taw tes yog inversely cuam tshuam nrog lub square ntawm qhov deb.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Yog tias kev tswj qhov deb tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm tsawg kawg nkaus tsis lav tias yuav tau txais cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg txaus, nws yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo kom txo qhov hluav taws xob kom txaus. Cov khoom siv siv los txo qhov hluav taws xob hu ua daim ntaub thaiv, thiab nws txoj kev siv ua haujlwm pab txo qhov kev raug rau cov neeg mob thiab cov pej xeem.

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

LnkMed, ib lub chaw tsim khoom tshaj lij hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev txhim kho ntawmcov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj siab siabPeb kuj muabcov koob txhaj tshuaj thiab cov rajuas npog yuav luag txhua tus qauv nrov hauv kev ua lag luam. Thov hu rau peb kom paub ntau ntxiv los ntawminfo@lnk-med.com